There is no official daily recommended amount for DHA. Many studies however do suggest we consume at least 200mg of DHA every day for healthy eye and brain development. DHA is especially important for pregnant women as DHA must be delivered to infants as well. Infants who are not getting breastfeed are recommended to take around 50-100mg of DHA per day.

DHA is an important nutrient. It has been clinically proven to promote brain and eye health. DHA ensures that the cells in the brain, eyes, heart and other parts of the nervous system develop and function properly through all stages of life. Our DHA is sourced from algae grown in controlled environments.

Studies have proven that taking as much as 1,000mg of Algae DHA can in fact reduce triglyceride levels by as much as 25% and can improve cholesterol levels.

Depending on why you’re taking artichoke extract, your dosage of the extract will vary. If you have issues with digestion it has been suggested to take around 320 to 640 milligrams, three times per day. If you have high cholesterol you should take around 1,280 to 1,800 milligrams a day for positive results.

Artichoke extract is great for those who suffer from indigestion. Research has shown that taking artichoke extract can reduce symptoms of indigestion, including nausea, vomiting, flatulence and stomach pain. Artichoke extract is also particularly good for our livers as it increases bile production which in turn removes dangerous toxins from the liver.

Additionally, studies have shown that artichoke leaf extract decreases cholesterol levels in those individuals who have higher cholesterol levels. Artichoke leaf extract can also help increase HDL otherwise known as good cholesterol. 

The suggested dosage for Ashwagandha root extract is 450–500-mg capsules once or twice a day.

Ashwagandha has been used for many years as a medicinal herb. Some of its benefits include, boosting brain function, managing stress levels, lowering blood sugar levels, lowering cortisol levels, fighting depression and anxiety symptoms.

We use KSM-66 Ashwagandha extract. KSM-66 was shown to improve both quantity and quality of sleep in a recent double blinded study.

The suggested dosage for Astaxanthin is 4mg/day.

Astaxanthin is a biological antioxidant found naturally in microalgae. Due to their diet, astaxanthin is abundant in many types of seafood, including but not limited to salmon, shrimp and lobster, in fact it is what gives the pink and red color to these sea creatures. Just like these sea creatures, we as humans cannot create our own supply of astaxanthin and must rely on our diet to obtain this antioxidant.

Additionally, Life Nutrition uses naturally sourced algae, AstaReal® Astaxanthin. It is the most potent carotenoid, which is 500 times stronger than Vitamin E and 6000 times stronger than Vitamin C. Due to astaxanthin’s unique molecular structure of being able to freely crosses the blood-brain and blood-retina barriers, it is a powerful free radical scavenger. It helps improve retinal capillary flow circulation and enhance eye refocusing ability.

Researchers all over the world have published over 400 peer-reviewed studies on astaxanthin, including numerous clinical studies. AstaReal® astaxanthin being used in the majority of these, making it the worlds most studied brand of natural astaxanthin.

There is no recommended amount for probiotics. However, Harvard Medical School suggests taking 1-10 billion CFU of probiotics a day.

Bacillus subtilis is found in amniotic fluid. It has been proven to improve GI Symptoms for instance nausea, vomiting, heartburn, bloating, indigestion, upper/lower abdominal pain, diarrhoea, constipation and flatulence.

There is no recommended amount for probiotics. However, Harvard Medical School suggests taking 1-10 billion CFU of probiotics a day.

Bifidobacterium lactis is a strain of probiotic bacteria, they are found in the large intestines of many mammals including humans. There are a lot of studies surrounding the benefits of B.lactis, it has said to improve immune function, regulate gastrointestinal processes and reduce the side effects of antibiotics.

Largely studied for immunity and respiratory health, it is the Dr. Preferred Probiotic for Respiratory Health.

There is no recommended amount for probiotics. However, Harvard Medical School suggests taking 1-10 billion CFU of probiotics a day.

Bifidobacterium Longum is a great strain of bacteria for promoting a health gastrointestinal wall (GI) by supporting the mucosal lining of the GI tract. Mixed probiotics supplements can also help maintain intestinal flora, support healthy yeast balance, and promote GI comfort.

There is no official daily recommended dosage for bilberry extract. However many studies suggest doses between 50g of fresh bilberries or 500mg of bilberry supplements.

Bilberries have a number of benefits, most notably they are great for supporting and maintaining eye vision and health. Due to their rich source of the antioxidant, anthocyanins, bilberries fight inflammation which is suspected to be the main cause of various diseases. It also helps supply oxygen and nutrient to eyes through maintaining healthy blood circulation.

Our 4:1 European bilberry extract has 10x more anthocyanins than regular blueberries. Multiple studies have shown that bilberry extract may reduce eye dryness, one study that was conducted over two years has even shown that taking 120mg of bilberry extract daily improved visual function of people who had glaucoma, by approximately 30%.

Black pepper contains the bioactive compound piperine. The suggested dosage of piperine ranges from is 5 to 10mg per day.

Black Pepper piperine is usually taken together with other nutritional substances like turmeric and resveratrol. This is because the curcumin in turmeric by itself does not get absorbed into the bloodstream easily. Adding piperine can help, research shows that piperine enhances curcumin absorption by up to 2000%. It also absorbs ingredients such as CoQ10 and resveratrol by 30% and 129% respectively.

We use BioPerine® black pepper in our products. The University of Wisconsin has shown in studies that BioPerine® improves the bioavailability of Resveratrol by 229%.

The suggested dosage for Boswellia Serrata Resin Extract is around 300–500mg 2 to 3 times a day.

Boswellia has anti-inflammatory properties which greatly benefit your joint tissues. This is because Boswellia can reduce inflammation which can help with many joint problems such as but not limited to osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

A study published in 2003, by the Phytomedicine journal found that from 30 people who suffer from osteoarthritis knee pain who take boswellia reported a decrease in knee pain. They also reported an increased knee flexibility and an increase in how far they could walk. Other studies have also reported the same results, whilst also finding that boswellia can also help reduce the levels of a cartilage-degrading enzyme.

The Reference Daily Intakes (RDI) in different age groups are as follows:

You may have heard many times that calcium is an essential mineral for developing children and teenagers as it strengthens bones and teeth. This is true, however it is also important for pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers to provide calcium to their infants and for elders to prevent osteoporosis.

Our Algae Calcium product has a great supply of Calcium.

You can also obtain Calcium through your diet naturally. One of the most common ways to get calcium is through dairy products such as milk, yoghurt and cheese. But you can also get calcium through leafy greens and soybeans. Some processed foods such as pasta, cereals and other grain products also include decent amounts of calcium.

There is no official recommended dosage for chicory root fiber inulin, however studies suggest that 10 grams daily is an effective dosage.

Chicory is a prebiotic, this means that it's extremely beneficial towards the good bacteria we all have in our guts. These bacteria are important as they help reduce inflammation, fight off bad bacteria and improve mineral absorption.

Multiple studies have found that a daily dose of chicory inulin can relieve constipation, help soften stool and significantly increase bowel movement frequency.

The Reference Daily Intakes (RDI) in different age groups are as follows:

Choline supports functions relating to our nervous system such as memory, muscle movement and even regulating our heartbeat. Other functions choline helps with is, supporting cell structure, cell messaging, fat transport and metabolism and DNA synthesis. Therefore obtaining choline through our diets is important since our livers can only make a small amounts of it.

Studies have demonstrated that a higher intake of choline around the time of conception was related to lower risks of neutral tube defects. In addition, it was found that low choline levels may increase the risk of pregnancy complications, these risks include premature birth, low birth weight and preeclampsia.

The suggested dosage for Chondroitin is 1200mg taken once daily.

Chondroitin is a vital part of normal cartilage. It is used to treat symptoms of joint and bone disorders. A building block of cartilage that is naturally found in your body. It helps support joint strength by helping resist compression in the joint. Chondroitin attracts fluids to joints to support cushioning and lubrication.

Current studies show that chondroitin appears to work as an anti-inflammatory agent and reduces pain. Some other studies have also suggested that chondroitin may slow down osteoarthritis related cartilage breakdown and some cases even stimulate cartilage growth.

It depends on the vitamin A and D derived from cod oil.

Vitamin A

• Infants 0 - 12 months - 500 mcg
• Children 1 - 3 years - 300 mcg
• 4 years and Up - 900 mcg
• Pregnant and Lactating Women - 1,300 mcg

Vitamin D

Cod liver oil has naturally occurring Vitamin A which is important for our eye health and Vitamin D is important for our bone health. Cod liver oil is also a rich source of omega 3 fatty acid which is a great nutrient for heart and brain health.

Studies show that people who eat higher amounts of omega-3 fatty acids have a 17% lower risk of early of age-related muscular degeneration, (an eye disease that blurs the sharp central vision needed for activities like reading and driving). Additionally, diets that have high amounts of vitamin A can also reduce the risk of AMD and glaucoma.

Our Baby DHA + D3 Complete product has a great supply of Alaskan Cod Oil.

You can also obtain Cod Oil through your diet naturally. You can get Cod Oil from eating fresh cod fish.

The suggested dosage for CoQ10 ranges from 90 mg to 200 mg per day.

Our bodies need CoQ10 for growth and maintenance and whilst our bodies can produce CoQ10 naturally, levels of production decrease as we age. CoQ10 facilitates important functions such as electron transport and blood pressure regulation. Specifically, CoQ10 helps the mitochondria, the powerhouse in a cell, to convert compounds in food into energy.

Studies show CoQ10 improves symptoms of congestive heart failure, on top of that it was found that people who have heart disease have lower levels of CoQ10. In one of the studies 641 were given either a placebo or a dose of CoQ10, it was found from this study that those who were given the CoQ10 had fewer serious consequences related to their heart problems.

The suggested dosage for fresh root dandelion extract is 2 to 4 grams daily. Whereas for dried dandelion extract it is between 0.75 to 1.0 grams daily.

Compounds found in dandelion may lower cholesterol and in turn decrease the risk of heart disease. Dandelion leaves also help increase urine flow and its roots help increase bile production to flush out toxins. Dandelion roots help with liver and gallbladder cleanse and remove toxins deposited in the liver. They are also used to improve digestion and relieve stomach upset such as flatulence, constipation and fullness. Studies have also shown that dandelion extract can reduce levels of excess fat that is stored in our livers.

The FDA specifies that the labels of dietary supplements for DHA should not recommend a daily intake higher than 2g or 2000mg. Experts have not set a Reference Daily Intake (RDI) for DHA, however 200–500 mg of DHA plus EPA daily are generally advised for good health.

DHA is naturally produced by our bodies, however our bodies can only produce small amounts of it, we must then rely on our diet to obtain the majority of our DHA. DHA is essential for brain development during pregnancy and early childhood. DHA is important for brain and eye development in different stage of life. It is particularly important for children to consume sufficient amount of DHA to support the rapid brain and eye growth and development. DHA has also been linked to better heart health and vision.

DHA has been widely studied, in one notable study, 154 adults were given a daily dose of DHA for 10 weeks and it was found that an increased amount of omega-3 levels was linked to a reduced risk of sudden heart-related death by 5.6%.

The FDA specifies that the labels of dietary supplements for DHA should not recommend a daily intake higher than 2g or 2000mg. Experts have not set a Reference Daily Intake (RDI) for DHA, however 200–500 mg of DHA plus EPA daily are generally advised for good health.

Sourced from the waters of Peru, wild anchovy, sardine and mackerel, are smaller fish with less pollutants and contains high levels of Omega fatty acids your body needs. Maintaining a diet with sufficient levels of ‘good fat’ has been associated with health benefits such as healthy brain function and general health and wellbeing. The polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPA and DHA) found in our premium fish oil helps to maintain flexibility of blood vessels and support a healthy blood flow.

Fish oil is also very beneficial for our eyes and heart. Studies show that those who eat more fish have substantially lower rates of heart disease. On top of that those who do not eat enough fish have a greater risk of eye diseases. Fish oil also increases the levels of good cholesterol in our bodies.

The Reference Daily Intakes (RDI) in different age groups are as follows:

Folate is a B vitamin that helps your body produce and maintain healthy cells. Folate is especially important for pregnant women as it can lower the risk of brain and spinal problems of fetuses during pregnancy.

The United States CDC and the Peking University Health Science Center have collaborated for over 20 years on the research of folic acid. In these studies, the women who took the daily recommended amount of folic acid, the risk of having neural tube defects (NTD) dropped by 85% in high-prevalent areas and 41% in areas with prevalence similar to the United States.  

The suggested dosage for ginkgo biloba is 120 to 240mg divided into several doses throughout the day.

Ginkgo biloba is great because it has strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities and may improve circulation.

Multiple studies and years of research has shown that gingko extract can reduce marks and inflammation in a variety of disease condition. Some of these conditions include, arthritis, cancer, heart disease, stroke and irritable bowel disease.

The suggested dosage for glucosamine is 1,500 mg per day.

Glucosamine helps develop and maintain the cartilage in our joints. Glucosamine is used during the treatment and prevention of joint disorders like osteoarthritis. Glucosamine supports the mobility and flexibility you want everyday to power your active life.

Multiple studies have been done regarding glucosamine. In one small study, 41 cyclists found that taking 3 grams of glucosamine everyday reduced collagen degradation in the knees by 27% compared to a 8% reduction in the placebo group.

There is no official daily recommended dosage for grape seed extract. However, studies have used amounts from 150mg up to 750mg daily for 12 weeks.

Our grape seed extract is standardized to 95% proanthocyanidins. Grape seed extract is a powerful antioxidant with proanthocyanidins that is 20 times more potent than vitamin C and 50 times of vitamin E. It helps fight free radicals, protect cells from damage and promote healthy blood circulation. Researches suggested that grape seed extract has antioxidant effect to bond with collagen, promoting youthful skin, cell health, elasticity, and flexibility.

Grape seed extract has a multitude of benefits, as a result there are many different studies surrounding grape seed extract. In one study 23 people who were diagnosed with chronic renal failure took 2 grams of grape seed extract every day for 6 months. From this study it was found that kidney filtration improved by 9%. Other studies have found that grape seed extracts can improve blood circulation.

The suggested dosage for Green Tea Extract is 250mg to 500mg.

Green tea extract has a high level of antioxidants, as a result it has a multiple great health benefits such as supporting heart, brain, skin liver health and even reducing the risk of cancer. Its high antioxidant power also helps protect cells which promotes skin and cardiovascular health.

As green tea extract has many noted benefits, there is also a lot of research surrounding green tea extract. In a study conducted in 2012, 56 people with high blood pressure took green tea extract daily for 3 months, the results showed that there was a significant decrease in their blood pressure. Another study found good results related to liver health, when taking green tea extract every day.

There is no official recommended dosage for inulin, however a typical dose is 3.1 grams per day.

Inulin is a type of dietary fiber, it dissolves in our stomach and helps our bodies slow down digestion, increasing fullness as it passes through our digestive tracts. It also helps with general digestive health.

The Reference Daily Intakes (RDI) in different age groups are as follows:

Our bodies need iron for growth and development. Iron is also used to produce certain hormones in your body.

There is no official daily recommended dosage for Lactium. But there is studies showing that taking 150 mg 1 hour before bed for 4 weeks helps improve sleep quality.

An ingredient of natural origin made from milk proteins that increases the activity of gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter well known for its inhibitory action on anxiety and its relaxing properties. Lactium helps to relieve stress and improve sleep quality.

There is no recommended amount for probiotics.However, Harvard Medical School suggests taking 1-10 billion CFU of probiotics a day.

Lactobacillus acidophilus are bacteria that are found in your intestines. They are good bacteria as they prevent harmful bacteria from colonizing your intestines by producing lactic acid, on top of that they make sure the linings in our intestines say intact and promote the growth of other healthy bacteria.

There is no recommended amount for probiotics.However, Harvard Medical School suggests taking 1-10 billion CFU of probiotics a day.

L.rhamnosus is a type of good bacteria that is found in your intestines. Not only does L. rhamnosus stop bad bacteria from colonizing in your intestines but it also encourages the growth of beneficial bacteria as well. Studies have also shown that L.rhamnosus may prevent or treat diarrhea.

Over 25 years of research, more than 1,000 scientific studies and 200 clinical studies have proven L.rhamnosus to be safe and beneficial for our digestive tracts and gut health.

For breastfeeding mothers, the Canadian Breastfeeding Foundation recommends a dose of 1,200 milligrams, four times per day. Generally speaking, if you’re taking lecithin for other reasons, you should not exceed more than 5000 milligrams per day.

Lecithin is great for cardiovascular health, this is particularly important for those who may be at risk of high blood pressure or heart disease. Lecithin also supports breastfeeding mothers, as experts state lecithin prevents recurrent plugged ducts.

Our Non GMO Soy Lecithin product has a great supply of Soy Lecithin.

You can also obtain Soy Lecithin through your diet naturally. Foods that have a high amount of naturally occurring Soy Lecithin include dairy products, ice cream, infant formulas, breads and margarine. This means you’re probably already obtaining lecithin without realizing it.

There is no official recommended dosage for lutein zeaxanthin, however 6 to 20mg of lutein per day is attributed to a reduced risk of eye conditions. Studies have also shown that 10mg of lutein with 2mg of zeaxanthin slow down age-related macular degeneration.

Lutein and zeaxanthin are both great antioxidants, their most notable benefit is their ability to protect your eyes. Acting as primary filters of bright and blue light, they help to promote normal visual health by protecting the eye against oxidative stress.

We use Lutemax2020, sourced from marigold flower. Lutemax2020 contains two major carotenoids found to be concentrated in the macular of our eyes, which is responsible for visual acuity and function. Not to mention, Lutemax2020 is the only lutein that has done the B.L.U.E. study for blue light filter.

There is no official daily recommended intake for lycopene, however studies state around 8 to 21mg per day are greatly beneficial.

Lycopene is a powerful antioxidant. In fact lycopene is actually the pigment that gives red and pink fruits such as tomatoes and watermelons their colorful character. It is suggested that this potent antioxidant can prevent or slow down the development of certain cancers.

Lycopene is known for its abundance of antioxidants. In fact, test-tube studies have actually revealed that Lycopene can slow down or prevent the progression of certain types of cancer by limiting tumor growth. Many studies have specifically looked at the link between lycopene and prostate cancer. A 23-year study which involved studying the data of 46,000 men found that men who had diets high in lycopene were less likely to develop prostrate cancer.

The Reference Daily Intakes (RDI) in different age groups are as follows:

Magnesium assists more than 300 enzymes to carry out their roles in our body, for instance building proteins and bones, regulating blood sugar, blood pressure, nerve and muscle functions.

Research from 2013 has linked adequate magnesium intake with higher bone density, improved bone crystal formation, and a lower risk of osteoporosis in females after menopause.

There is no official recommended dosage for melatonin, however it is suggested to be taken in doses of 0.5–10 mg daily.

Melatonin, a hormone made in the brain, is involved in sleep and wake cycles. Melatonin is naturally produced in the absence of light, so normally, the body’s internal clock (or Circadian Rhythm!) determines the amount of melatonin it produces: melatonin levels typically rise in the evening, stay elevated overnight, and decrease in the morning. However, light (both natural and artificial) can affect how much melatonin the body produces. During shorter days of the year, melatonin production may be produced earlier or later in the day, leading to less restful sleep. Additionally, age influences a decrease in melatonin production. Melatonin also helps support our immune function and proper blood pressure levels.

There is no firm daily recommended intake for milk thistle, however it is suggested to keep your daily dose between 196 to 600mg.

Also known as Silybum Marianum, milk thistle is a natural herb that helps to block the toxins from entering the liver cells and prevent free radial damage from pollutants and toxins that have entered the body. Milk thistle is also effective for increasing glutathione (GSH) levels in the liver to stimulate detoxification process. It is also known to be useful in liver cell regeneration as it stimulates liver cells to divide and helps producing new cells to replace injured ones.

In fact studies state that people with liver diseases who took milk thistle supplements have shown improvements in their liver function.

There is no firm recommended dosage for MSM, many studies however suggest 3g of MSM daily.

MSM minimizes inflammation in our bodies and prevents the breakdown of cartilage, which is the tissue in our bodies that protects the ends of our bones. As a result MSM minimizes joint and muscle pain.

Studies show that MSM can significantly reduce inflammation in your body, and also hinder the breakdown of cartilage in your body. One study that tested 100 people over the age of 50 found that taking MSM for 12 weeks decreased pain stiffness and swelling in joints. Another study found that people with lower back pain who took MSM supplements felt less stiff and pain upon movement.

There is no official recommended dosage for nettle, however it is highly suggested that for treating enlarged prostate glands you should not consume more than 360mg a day.

Stinging nettle is loaded with elements such as vitamins, minerals and amino acids. A large proportion of men who are over the age of 51 have enlarged prostate glands. Stinging nettle helps manage short and long term urination problems.

There is no official recommended dosage for pomegranate, however the maximum dosage recommended for pomegranate extract is 750mg.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer that men get. Studies have stated that pomegranate extract may slow cancer cell reproduction and even promote cell death of cancer cells.

There is no official recommended dosage for pumpkin seed oil, however it is commonly taken in doses ranging from 100mg to 2,000mg.

Pumpkin seed oil may be an effective treatment for benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH), a condition where the prostate becomes enlarged. Pumpkin seed oil also helps support urinary health and heart health.

A study conducted with men who had BPH found that pumpkin seed oil acted as a safe and effective medicine, showing no adverse reactions. The men who participated in the study saw improvements in
their symptoms, including better urinary flow. Researches have also noted that the effects of pumpkin seed oil work most optimally when paired with saw palmetto
extract.

There is no official recommended dosage for resveratrol, however studies suggest that as a reference point a safe daily dosage for a person weighing 70 kg may be resveratrol 450 mg/day.

Resveratrol exhibits antitumor and is highly rich in antioxidants. It has been noted that resveratrol may be effective in the treatment and prevention of certain types of cancer. Resveratrol has also been researched for repairing age-related cellular damage.

There is no official recommended dosage for saw palmetto, however when taken as a dried supplement it is suggested that 160mg-320mg daily is effective.

Saw Palmetto is greatly beneficial for men as it improves overall prostrate health, balances hormone levels and prevents loss of hair. Studies have shown that saw palmetto can decrease the growth of prostate cancer cells. It may also combat inflammation and poor urinary function.

There is no official recommended dosage for nettle, however studies have used up to 45-50 grams of sunflower oil daily.

Vitamin D3 cannot be ingested into the body alone, it needs a component to help it stay together so that it can successfully enter your body. We use sunflower oil as a natural and safe emulsifier.

Sunflower oil is the non-volatile oil pressed from the seeds of sunflower. It is one of the safest suspension oils used.

There is no official recommended dosage for turmeric, it is suggested however that 500-2,000mg of turmeric daily is effective.

Taking turmeric pills while pregnant is also not recommended.

Turmeric contains curcumin. Curcumin has powerful anti-inflammatory effects and is a very strong antioxidant. However, the curcumin content in turmeric is very low. To get enough curcumin, supplements are more effective.

The Reference Daily Intakes (RDI) in different age groups are as follows:

Vitamin A has great benefits for both men and women. It helps maintain and support a health reproductive system, and is especially great for pregnant women as it ensures the normal development and growth of embryos.

The Reference Daily Intakes (RDI) in different age groups are as follows:

Vitamin B6 is an essential vitamin in it responsible for more than 150 enzyme reactions that take place in your body. These reactions help your body process the fat, carbohydrates and protein you eat. Unfortunately, our bodies cannot create vitamin B6 by itself and therefore we must ensure we’re obtaining through our diets or through supplements.

The Reference Daily Intakes (RDI) in different age groups are as follows:

Vitamin B12 is responsible for the creation of DNA in our bodies. Vitamin B12 also helps support the health and strength of our bodies nerve and blood cells.

The Reference Daily Intakes (RDI) in different age groups are as follows:

Vitamin C is probably one of the most common known antioxidants, known most for its ability to protect our immune system and protect us from diseases. However Vitamin C also helps wounds heal, and improves our absorption of iron. It’s also vital for collagen synthesis, connective tissue, bones, teeth and your small blood vessels

The Reference Daily Intakes (RDI) in different age groups are as follows:

Vitamin D3 supports the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in your blood stream which helps keep your bones healthy and strong. Vitamin D3 is also essential for a healthy immune system.

The Reference Daily Intakes (RDI) in different age groups are as follows:

Vitamin E is a nutrient that is greatly beneficial to our immune systems as it has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Vitamin E also helps your cells regenerate.

The Reference Daily Intakes (RDI) in different age groups are as follows:

A vitamin that helps the body properly utilize calcium by inhibiting calcium deposits in the arteries and blood vessels. Studies have shown that long term supplementation of vitamin K2 enhances calcium utilization in the body which may improve bone mineral density and bone strength.